District Clusters

K-Means Risk Clusters

K-Means (K=4) on standardized PM2.5, PM10, NO₂, SO₂, urban %, literacy, and respiratory cases. Four natural groups emerge — each with a distinct policy implication.

Pollution × Disease — coloured by cluster

Each point is a district. Cluster 3 (purple) sits below average pollution but above-average cases — that's the warning sign.

All districts — sortable

DistrictStateClusterPM2.5Respiratory
Cluster 3 is the most alarming
UP and Bihar dominate this cluster. PM2.5 here (~70 µg/m³) is lower than Delhi's, but disease rates are 2-3× higher. Pollution alone doesn't explain the gap — it's amplified by lower healthcare access, nutrition, and housing quality.